Process of making coke



Patented Jan. 30, 1923.

ear

, WILLIAMYVEVEVRARD nnvrns, or nonnon, ENGLAND.

nocnss or MAKING coins; 1

No Drawing. Application filed December 20, 1918, Serial No. 267,729. Renewed July 13, 1922. Serial T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM EVERARD DAVIES a citizen of 119 Victoria Street, in the county of London. State of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented new and use ful Improvements in a Process of Making Coke, of which the following is a specification.

The chief difiiculty in carbonizing fuel briquettes resides in the tendency for the briquette to suffer disruption so that no practical coke is produced.

I find that this disruption is due mainly to the pressure under which the volatile products escape from the briquette undergoing carbonization. Reduction of the pres sure in the carbonizing chamber minimizes the disruption but is not in itself sufficient to ensure production of useful coke, that is to say a coke that is not friable and is sufficiently cellular. According to the present invention this disruption is avoided by adding to the fuel used for making the briquettes a resinous binder. and by making the briquette perforated or furnished with holes or otherwise suitably shaped so as to increase the available surface for escape of volatile products, any known process or apparatus being employed for the purpose.

3 0 My invention further consists in a process for producing coke in briquetted form which consists in first briquetting suitable coal after adding thereto a resinous binder up to 10 per cent of its weight and under known conditions suitable for producing briouettes which are perforated, bored or the like to increase-their surface, and then carbonizing or partially gasifying the briquettes under a pressure maintained below that of the atmosphere.

The temperature of carbonization may be selected in accordance with the nature of the products required: thus sufliciently good results for most purposes are obtained with a temperature of from 600 to 900 (1, but if found necessary it may vary between 500 C. and 1200 C.

The selection of coal is mainly determined by what is commonly termed the volatile matter in it. The process is seldom successful. if this volatile matter in the coal used is below 10 per cent, or above 40 per cent, which are the usual limits for most of the usually employed coal.

Such fuels generally contain some resinous binder in the form .commonly called bituminous matter and so much of the above stated proportion of the added resinous binder (which may be similar bituminous matter or a true resin) should be added to the natural binder in the fuel itself as is necessary to ensure the presence of 6 to 18 per cent of total binder in the finished briquette.

The degree of suction may vary from one tenth inch water gauge upwards to any limit, being generally high (for instance up to 12 inches of mercury) if a hard coke is required. I

In carbonizing or gasifying fuel as herein proposed heating of the charge may be car .ried out by either of two modes :(1) conduction only, (2) convection and radiation with or without conduction. In heating according to one (1) when carbonizing the perforations and other interspaces are merely used for withdrawal of the evolved products of distillation, whereas when heating according to (2), the said passages in and through the briquettes also allow of internal heating of the charge by convection of hot gases therethrough. This is the case of course always when fuel as herein specified is partially gasified, as then the process implies such passage of heating gaseous medium through the charge. Such heating medium mavconsist-of hot products of combustion. hot producer, blast furnace. coal,

water. blue. gases. steam, or a mixture there of. which may be conveyed through the charge in any desired manner and if desired made to commingle with the products of distillation so as to favor the production of determined quantities of certain by-products.

The process of the present invention then produces a coke of dense, porous, cellular and yet compact structure, and the factors of the process, viz.z (l) resinous or like binding content, (2), volatile matter, (3)

suction, (4), free surface in the briquette are mutually dependent and can be con trolled together with the temperature of carbonization and in relation with the amount of volatile matter in the finished briquettc so as to yield a desired character of coke and incidentally of the by-products, as explained in the above description.

I claim: 7

A process of making coke in briquetted form which consists in first mixing the coal or reinforcing its preexistent natural bindsure maintained below that of the atmosing xlnaiterial With up todlO pler cent of its phere substantially as described.

weig 1t of a resinous bin er, tien compressing the coal to form briquettes which are EVERARD DAVIES perforated, bored or the like to increase Signed in the presence 0f:-

their surface, and then carbonizing 01' par- V. ANDREWS,

tially gusifying the briquettes under a pres- M. ANDREWS. 

